Corn cobs were provided for the experiment and each cob had more than one phenotype. The aim of this experiment was to observe the behaviour of two different genes within the corn kernels. Use a chi square test to determine whether observed results are consistent with expected results. Corn plants pollinate via wind, therefore, each kernel may be the product of a different cross. Corn seeds normal and albino seeds carolina biological supply company has several good corn trait kits that give students a chance for hands on study of corn and other organisms for dominant and recessive traits. Feb 25, 2015 corn genetics chi square analysis objective. Browse the latest lab supplies and equipment for all your science lab essentials.
The development of this corn germplasm will contribute to the to. Giselle macias victoria davis carissa vega romina castaneda comparison of the expected phenotype of the. A probability value of 5% or less is considered to be a poor fit. Genetics in the laboratory national dna day april 25, 2008. Draw a punnet square to predict the ratio of dominant to recessive alleles. Corn genetics genotypes, phenotypes, and punnett squares. There are several traits in the corn seed type the traits in. In fact, for many years, most of the research in this area focused on largescale corn production rather than on home gardens. This lab uses preserved corn where students count the number of starch, sweet, yellow and purple kernels. In this lab, students will observe ears of corn from f2 plants produced by a dihybrid cross for the traits of kernel color and endosperm composition, which. There is a disagreement between kenneth schaffner and david hull about the relationship between the biological theory of mendelian genetics and the physicochemical theory of molecular genetics. Corn genetics and chi square statistical analysis, using preserved corn and counting kernels corn genetics grow corn, 3. Lessons from the fruit fly even in prehisoric times, humans recognized that certain physical characteristics of plants, livestock, and people were passed on from one generation to the next.
To observe phenotypes and use chi square analysis to determine if results are of good fit. Field corn and popcorn varieties, as well as sweet corn, are hybridized because of the needs of commercial corn growers. Feb 20, 2015 in my biology honors class, my lab group and i conducted an experiment to apply our newfound knowledge of genetics using multicolored and multi textured corn. S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of corn found on five different rows and discern. The purpose of this project is to develop and improve corn with quality, desirable nutritional properties, tolerance or resistance to stresses, adaptation, and competitive yield. Epistatic interactions will be demonstrated by the. In the early part of the season, the whole cob could be eaten in its entirety as with baby corn but later in the season the kernels become harder and are best eaten cooked. In corn, the dominant gene r, determines the presence of colored aleurone. Examples of corn varieties with punnett square display d. For more than a century, plant geneticists have been studying maize as a. Corn a diploid organism has been widely used to study and illustrate mendelian traits. The purple color is produced by a pigmented layer within the grains. Comparative physiology of green and albino corn seedlings. In this lab, students will observe ears of corn from f2 plants produced by a.
In hindsight, gregg jensen probably couldnt have picked a worse time to put up another bin corn crop genetics lab answer key. By looking at figure 1 below you can see the aleurone layer. Y1 was one of the first maize color genes documented. This zip file contains many different activities 44 pages of student handouts and 2 powerpoints to accompany the note handouts with a total of 83 slides which can be used to compose a unit for ap biology or advanced biology students on mendelian genetics and advanced genetics crosses. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent date. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 761k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Corn genetics and chi square analysis biology lessons. On friday, february, mr wong had the class do an experiment on indian corn.
Mendelianbeyond mendelian genetics learning package for ap. Sweet corn grains wrinkle upon drying while starchy grains remain. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Shop carolinas variety of lab equipment including microscopes, glassware. Nov 21, 2017 corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent by pennsylvania state university diverse maize cobs showing the varying genetic traits of kernel and cob colors. In my biology honors class, my lab group and i conducted an experiment to apply our newfound knowledge of genetics using multicolored and multi textured corn. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Feb 25, 2015 table 2 above shows the raw data for our third ear of corn we used a test cross corn cob table 3 shows the calculations we did to get the chi square value for our third ear of corn. Typically, the corn phenotypes carolina offers involve the color or shape of the kernel. An inexpensive method to simulate a monohybrid cross. Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic variation. These phenotypes and numbers are entered in columns 1 and 2 of the following table 2. Table 2 above shows the raw data for our third ear of corn we used a test cross corn cob table 3 shows the calculations we did to get the chi square value for our third ear of corn.
For many years, indian corn zea mays has been a model organism that teachers use to explain dominancerecessiveness, genotypesphenotypes, and monohybriddihybrid inheritance. Ever since the theories of heredity put forth by such men as gregor mendel and charles darwin were recognized in the late 1800s, corn has been continually. Be sure to use the same five rows for each calculation. If you are using this kit as an alternative to ap biology lab 7. Purpleyellow segregating corn monohybrid purplesmooth. For your convenience in lab, you can print the tables you need and bring them. We counted some of the kernels and sorted them based upon color and if it was wrinkled or smooth. This laboratory investigates a dihybrid cross as shown in the above photo of an ear of corn. Introduction mendelian inheritance genetics 371b lecture 1 27 sept. Understand the principles and terms used in mendelian genetics.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Other results for corn genetics lab activity answers. Corn mendelian genetics staff web server mendelian genetics objectives. One possible reason for a poor fit is autosomal linkage. I had a corn ear and i was supposed to count the purple and yellow kernels and then examine determine the expected kernels, to test them by the chi square. Pdf gene segregation and interaction results and discussions a. Ap biology genetics lab california state university. Count the number of purple and yellow kernels in five of the rows on your ear of corn and record the number on the chart. Download spreadsheet online spreadsheet chi square test. Download spreadsheet online spreadsheet chi square test photos of corn. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent by pennsylvania state university diverse maize cobs showing the varying genetic traits of. This rudimentary knowledge of genetics was important for improving the. Epistatic interactions will be demonstrated by the outcome of three genetic crosses, designated c, d and f.
Principles and practices of genetics lab worksheet r r r rr rr r rr rr phenotype. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Chi square modeling using candy count the number of each color in a bag to determine if they occur in equal proportions. Texas has a wide range of different environments for corn production with chronic limitations such as aflatoxin contamination and drought stress. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. An ear of corn is actually a collection of over a hundred offspring, neatly packaged onto a cob, able to be stored long term, perfect for studying genetics. Use sampling to determine phenotypic ratios of a visible trait in the corn. Ap biology genetics lab california state university, northridge. On two monohybrid corn, count the number of purple and yellow kernels and the smooth and shrunken kernels. Mendelian genetics lab report free pdf file sharing. This kit is written primarily as a genetics lab for an introductory high school or middle school biology course. Corn planting materials grown corn will be used for lesson 7. So in the corn lab, a kernel of corn has an equal chance of being purple and plump as it does purple and wrinkled or yellow and plump vs yellow and wrinkled because the alleles separate into gametes independently of one another during meiosis when the gametes are being formed and the chromosomes with the genes are separating.
Corn genetics chi square analysis tonybloglabreports. Form hypotheses about genotypic and phenotypic ratios in the f2 generation of corn crosses. The large number of kernels on each corn ear from carolina gives. Mendels great achievement was his recognition from experimental results that this is so. Organisms, the activities in this kit meet the objectives of that lab, with the exception of.
The four different genes and grain types are identified in. Nov 21, 2017 corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent date. Describe and contrast the ideas of hippocrates and aristotle relating to the genetic basis of life. In selective breeding, one corn plant with a desirable trait such as good. Predict offspring based on a variety of inheritance patterns. The the second part of the lab corn is a dihybrid cross of two monohybrids. An ear of corn is actually a collection of over a hundred offspring, neatly packaged onto a cob, able. Yellowwrinkled corn dihybrid marker pins procedure. An ear of corn holds the results of hundreds of separate genetic crosses. Define and contrast pangenesis, epigenesis, and preformationism. Mendelian genetics of corn overview this kit is has been designed for use as an introductory collegelevel genetics lab or, alternatively, as a high school honors, collegepreparatory, or ap biology lab. Using this data they perform a chi square analysis to determine the parental genotypes. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits. Biology 22 corn genetics for this exercise, you will investigate inheritance of kernel color in the corn zea mays.
By counting the number of corn kernels by color and texture, we were able to make inferences about the hereditary information alleles which were passed down from the parents. Each corn kernel seed has a dormant embryo and an enhanced nutritive layer known as the endosperm, which will support the growing embryo until it germinates and can begin providing for. We then used a punnett square to find the expected amount of kernels for. The experiment investigated the generation results from.
Corns unique reproductive process has made it a plant breeders dream. If the layer is not pigmented colorless, the yellow color of an inner tissue shows through. This gallery was created during the corn genetics and chi square analysis lab students counted the number of purple and yellow kernels, counted the number of smooth and shrunken kernels and then used a chi square analysis to show that a 9. All kernels within a cob share the same female parent but could have many different male parents. Inheritance obeys the same rules of probablilty that apply to tossing coins and rolling dice. Mendelianbeyond mendelian genetics learning package for. Count the number of smooth and shrunken seeds on the same five rows and record on the chart. Each grain on the ears is the f2 of a cross that began with a homozygous red corn crossed with a homozygous white corn.